Coursework Writing

Coursework Writing Coursework composing tips will enable the understudies to compose their courseworks adequately in a scholastic way. The individuals who dont have time may contact our coursework composing administration. What Is a Coursework? Coursework alludes to composing articles and different sorts of papers, for example, reports, venture composing, book audits or different types of contextual analyses. It can incorporate a fluctuated scope of endeavors, for example, hands-on training, experimentation, and examination work. Coursework is commonly reviewed and there are tests occasionally through the coursework cycle that test what one has realized. Now and then rather than tests, teachers permit understudies to finish the coursework over some stretch of time and can utilize study aides, notes, and the Internet to investigate the subjects. Coursework composing is significant and requires a great deal of arrangement. The following are some course work composing tips that may be helpful for undergrads. Coursework Writing Tips: Structure and Outline 1. Any task must be straightforwardly identified with the instructive track being embraced and applicable to the learning goals to be accomplished. 2. Consider all the potential exercises that could be used to accomplish the most helpful learning experience. 3. On the off chance that coursework prevalently includes composing a paper, there ought to consistently be an away from of the inquiry being posed. The starter perusing on the current point is consistently a decent initial step. It will assist with arranging thoughts and plan any important examination to accumulate relevant data. Eventually the arrangement of work ought to incorporate central matters that will shape the premise of the theory to be demonstrated or dismissed. Taking notes will permit you to unmistakably list central matters to be talked about, and appreciate what has been read.â 4. Distinguish the page of the asset that the note was taken from for future references in your coursework. 5. Build up a framework to store any exploration notes and other relevant documentation. An arrangement of record envelopes or some other electronic documenting framework would work best. 6. While organizing a coursework exposition, it should comprise of a presentation that spreads out the inquiry to be inspected and the bearing the article will go. Second, the conversation builds up the intelligent contention to demonstrate or negate the inquiry. Last the finish of the coursework unites contemplations into an extremely brief rundown. Weve got an extraordinary and FREE APA Referencing Tool. Look at it on the off chance that you are to compose your coursework utilizing APA referencing position. Coursework Writing: What Is Important? Coursework incorporates a general system, that when followed will bring about the best grades and the most productive learning procedure to hold the data contemplated. When composing theâ course works the accompanying ought to be incorporated: 1. Archive Resources and Provide References Quality coursework necessitates that references and assets be completely archived which may incorporate slides, significant handbooks done by others, online examinations and studies led in a scholastic setting. The more information that is sourced the more pertinent and valuable the coursework will be. 2. Assessment and Study Assessment of the materials accumulated is of most extreme significance to decide if all the data is applicable to the coursework theme nearby. After legitimate assessment, one must investigation the materials to draw out what will be generally helpful in building up the last item to be delivered. 3. Composing and Editing After appropriate assessment and study, the author would then be able to start to build up the real exposition or other composed material to be created. As the procedure unfurls, there will be amendments of what was composed, with increments and erasures happening routinely. Headings and sub-headings will be created as the writersâ developâ their musings and thoughts to best mirror the points to be talked about and introduced. There will be snapshots of writer’s square. Don’t stress over it. Leave the segment being composed and start another. New thoughts may come when new contemplations are created for resulting areas. Coursework Writing: the Dos and Donts Because of the autonomous idea of the coursework, numerous understudies will in general accept the open door for conceded and don’t acknowledge that it is so critical to make consistent, gradual advancement toward finishing of the jobs needing to be done. There once in a while is an exceptionally standoffish demeanor that an understudy has that they can finish under tension at last. Once in a while this works and an understudy will create a portion of their best work under this tension situation. In any case, as a general rule, the final product is a terrible item that isn't all around considered and could have been a greatly improved item if the imperative time had been spent to finish it. There are some do’s and don’ts that ought to be clung to while finishing a coursework: Composing and finishing theâ course works can be a difficult encounter for understudies and other in a learning situation. A few understudies are hindered with a great deal of classes and can't invest the quality energy that they ought to spend on a task. There are some composing administrations that will do the task for an understudy with their heading and direction. Ensure the administration can give the quality item you look for. Take a gander at who the administration recruits to compose coursework and that they have necessities that any author finishes different and troublesome custom assessments to demonstrate their experience. In the event that you are absence of time or have no clue about what and how to write in your coursework, our coursework composing administration can give you prompts and help. In the event that you are prepared to let us chipping away at your coursework Place an Order.

Decisions In Paradise Part 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choices In Paradise Part 1 - Research Paper Example Our association would be build up a more prominent nearness in Kava and contribute towards its financial advancement through making work openings and become proactive member in network improvement. There is a tremendous issue of joblessness as the administration appears to need fundamental money related assets to set up enterprises and foundation. In spite of having the help of state and military, fear based oppression is dynamic from inside and outside the area which is making insecure condition for worldwide organizations and antagonistically affecting the nearby economy. It is regularly observed that quick urbanization and the innovative headways have been answerable for worldwide environmental change which may have added to the expanded recurrence of normal disasters, all through the world. Kava also is inclined to catastrophic events and simultaneously outer components like psychological oppression and inner hardship, has delivered numerous protections among the neighborhood populace. Consequently, one needs to apply the method of dynamic that would assist with settling on the undertakings that are most appropriate to profit both Kava individuals and our association. The system would need to take the accompanying notable focuses into thought: ‘Decision frameworks are best where you have various great other options and numerous components to take into account’ (lattice examination, web). Choice Matrix Analysis would encourage us to reach to the correct choice since it consolidates a tremendous scope of variables for the different ventures that can be begun here. The association would utilize the nearby crude material and would give work to the neighborhood populace which has different socio-social belief system. The multicultural workforce with clashing belief systems may present significant issues for the administration and may have unfavorable effect on the business result. The cataclysmic events and psychological warfare from inside and outside the nation is another

A Protocol for MIT Admissions Essays

A Protocol for MIT Admissions Essays Background: I love writing. I love building on thoughts I can’t put words to, reading them back, and rewriting them until they feel true. I love knowing that I’ve said something I couldn’t say before and feeling like I’ve grasped a new emotion. Admissions essays are intimidating. You’re condensing four years into 250-word essays. To do that you have to understand and acknowledge yourself and your growth, say goodbye to this stage of your life, and understand yourself as your own person. People who read your application will know you in a way you might not have known yourself. Luckily MIT tells you exactly what they want: Alignment with MITs mission to make the world a better place Collaborative and cooperative spirit Initiative Risk-taking, or resilience and the ability and willingness to handle failure Hands-on creativity Intensity, curiosity, and excitement, also known as passion The ability to balance your coursework with more interesting things, like labwork, hobbies, and sleep Being a good person In other words, MIT wants to see from your application that you are academically qualified to handle the MIT curriculum. This part’s the easiest. It should be covered by the classes you took and your grades and your SAT scores. I won’t touch on it again. You shouldn’t need to touch on it again in your application. will like it here. Are you social, in the sense that you can build a support network and enjoy things that aren’t classes? Are you resilient? Will you fall apart at your first few Cs? Will you still give your all the semester after? will add to the student body. Do you have an interesting past, an interesting worldview, and interesting hobbies? will do cool things with your MIT education. Do you have hopes and dreams? Do you have the initiative and courage to make them happen? Procedure: Think about how the choices you made throughout high school reflect these qualities. Some of them are already in your application: the classes you took, the grades you got, and your extracurricular activities. Think about what the people you asked for recommendation letters might say about how you interact with your peers and teachers, and what your interviewer might say about what you’re like in person. For each quality, list what your application will already have. Any gaps will need to be filled in with your essays. For each quality, especially sparse ones, list experiences or ideas that highlight that quality. They don’t all have to be academic. It might be more interesting if some of them aren’t. Read the application essay prompts. Notice that they are framed around those same qualities. Jot down the first answers that come to mind for each question, including stories and examples where possible. It’s okay to use snippets from essays you’ve written before, if they reflect your personality and are relevant to the question. Think about if and how the experiences you listed earlier fit into the list of qualities. If you decide not to include them, make sure you still cover the list. Before you start writing, look through your notes and make sure there aren’t gaps. Write. This is the hardest part and the least fun, so do it fast. Last semester my friend Amy ’13 showed me Write or Die. Its helpful for writing fast. It saved my GPA last semester. Take a break when writing gets difficult. I find it helpful to take a shower. I also like to read something short by a writer I admire to warm up my voice. If you can’t think of anything I recommend Coraline by Neil Gaiman. It’s concise, well paced, and creative. You might also listen to music that matches your essay’s emotion and isn’t distracting. I like writing to Lana Del Rey. She has a consistent beat, little variation in pitch, and words that blend into the music. She can be horribly depressing but she can keep me in the zone for hours. Revision 1, as you write or immediately after. If it comes naturally, try to include stories, dialogue, and descriptions, and to use more specific examples and images than general statements. Minimize adjectives and adverbs; instead, pick nouns and verbs that come as close as possible to the meaning you’re aiming for. Use a thesaurus if you have to. Avoid any cliché phrases that you hear or read often. Avoid very, a lot, completely, and totally, which are usually meaningless. Minimize is, has, of, under, over, on, in, heavy words which slow the pace and make your essay less engaging. Control your use of maybe, possibly, it seems, and I think. These phrases make you seem less confident as a narrator, which is useful sometimes but not usually in an admissions essay. If you’re feeling bold, add some alliteration and parallelism to connect important, related ideas. Be careful: if it feels forced it will be counterproductive. Pay attention to how you group words. There’s a certain power in a sentence that is more or less constant. Shorter sentences usually condense power, while longer sentences diffuse it. A separation between the subject and its verb will diffuse power: the longer the separation, the less power per word. Anything in the gap between the subject and the verb is less likely to have an impact on the reader. If you want to diffuse power you can do it by slowing the pace. Create pauses with commas and use heavy words, passive voice, maybe even an adjective or two. It can be interesting to soften the apex of your essay: you can make softer emotions feel more genuine and sick things feel more horrifying by putting them in a long, diffused sentence. On the other hand, you can condense power to shock or to exaggerate the apex of a paragraph or your essay. Use as few syllables and commas as you can and make sure that every word you do use captures your meaning perfectly. Do not separate a subject and its verb. An exception is endings: the end is the most powerful part of a sentence, paragraph, or essay. It’s conventional to put background or context information at the start of your sentence, paragraph, or essay and to put the more important conclusions and new information at the end. Sometimes people put a powerful short sentence at the end of an essay or story to maximize its impact. Unfortunately this often backfires: a short sentence at the very end of an essay implies a very meaningful epiphany or plot twist; if you don’t deliver, the reader will be confused and your target emotion will disappear. When you’re satisfied, leave your essays alone. Revision 2, in a week or two. Reread your essays out loud. In this revision you are looking for what I call emotional lies. Catch and rephrase anything that sounds awkward or forced. Remove parallels and alliteration that feel forced. Make sure every word has the meaning in context you want it to have; use the thesaurus again if you have to. Follow the tone and the big picture as you read your application. Make sure it reflects you. It might not match the tone and big picture you envisioned in the beginning. The important thing is that it’s an accurate picture of you. Quality Control and Safety: I recommend you find one person to help you revise. I was lucky to have a mutual editing relationship with my dad. Try to find someone who knows you well, has read your writing before, and is a good writer. Preferably your editor will be more mature than you, not in your English class, and not involved in their own college admission process. Give them MIT’s list of qualities and start letting them read at the end of your second revision. Ask them to read after every revision. They’re there to catch awkwardness or emotional lies that you miss, and to check that the picture you’ve painted is true. If you still have time, leave your essays alone again, for longer this time. Then reread them again to make sure theyre still as good as you thought they were. Good luck, and have fun. Please don’t spend Halloween editing admissions essays. =) EDIT: I didnt realize it at first, but there are two texts that greatly influenced my writing and this blog post. If youd like more (and better) advice, check out The Science of Scientific Writing by Gopen and Swan, which we read recently in 7.02 (Introduction to Experimental Biology and Communication) and The Elements of Style by Strunk and White, which has been recommended by many of my writing professors. You should also check out Chris Petersons blog post on writing admissions essays.

Effects Of The Removal Of One Parent Has On The Child

Family is one of the most instrumental parts of our development in our childhood and for the rest of our lives, how does a divorce between two parents effect their child or children? Divorce is on the rise in the lives of families all across North America in significant amounts with no sign of slowing down. Until the mid 80’s when the divorce act was enacted in Canada, divorce was a very rare occurrence and as a result the effects of what divorce can have on the family is largely untouched. This paper will discuss the socio-genealogical effects that the removal of one parent has on the child. Divorce is unquestionably a stressful and drawn out part of many children’s lives. Children of divorce face a myriad of emotional issues that can†¦show more content†¦Due to these results it shows that although there are obviously difficulties for children adjusting to a separated family, it has an even larger effect than anticipated. One major result of the study showed t hat males are more deeply affected by a separation in the family. This is due to the fact that in a separation, the children generally stay with the mother, thereby removing the child from a father figure and role model. As well males are more likely to externalize their frustration through behavioural and anti-social issues more so than women. This study is useful for recently divorced mothers as it gives them some more potential insight for how to help their children cope with a divorce, whether through a big brother program to have a positive role model in the child’s life or by giving them access to counselling to express their feelings. One aspect the study could have addressed is if the mother found another significant other and how it would have a further effect on the child. This study focuses interestingly enough on how a parental divorce in adults may or may not have effects on them. Prior to this research, most researchers minimized the effect that a divorce has on adult children of divorce, also known as ACD. This is due to the fact that as adults, they are fully matured and are able to cope much better than if they were a younger child. As well, the

Sociological Theories In The Movie The Matrix - 824 Words

â€Å"Goodbye Mr. Anderson† (Agent Smith). Luckily, this was not the end to Neo’s road, it was only the beginning of his long journey to becoming ‘The One,’ and freeing humans from the Matrix. Similar to Neo’s story, this is only the beginning, the beginning of a discussion of the sociological concepts within the movie, The Matrix. The Matrix is a movie about machines, with artificial intelligence, who use humans for energy by inserting humans minds into a program called â€Å"The Matrix.† The movie follows a character named Neo, who is believed to the â€Å"The One,† the person who will save the humans from the machines. There are many sociological concepts in the movie, The Matrix. Such as culture shock, code switching, ethnocentrism, subcultures,†¦show more content†¦When humans created artificial intelligence, the machines believed they were superior than humans and rebelled. They survived by imprisoning the humans, thus believing that their lifestyle and culture was superior to the humans. This â€Å"slavery† of the humans is similar to the slavery that happened in the nineteenth century, where some people believed they were superior to others. Once the machines in the movie believed they did not need to labor to the humans. The humans who have been freed from the Matrix tend to join together in their fight against the Machines. But there are subcultures within the tightly knit groups of humans. The ship crews have their own bonds that are unique to the other humans. The captains and crews are separate from the rest of the remaining humans in the movie. And often they are treated like celebrities by the rest of the people. This is especially true about Neo, since he is labeled as â€Å"The One,† he is held to a much higher standard than others. Everyone knows who Neo is, he is the ultimate celebrity of anyone else unplugged. The main ship that the movie revolves around, the Nebuchadnezzar, even has their own subculture within itself. The crew of the Nebuchadnezzar is known for breaking the rules and following their own set of values that the other ships do not follow. The captain, Morpheus, is a renowned man that everyone knows and respects. Even within the tightlyShow MoreRelatedThe Social Problem Of The Video Separate And Unequal Is Poverty And Racism982 Words   |  4 Pageslike a movie theater are not even provided for this town due to the lack of funding this community has. The intersection of race and class in this community also make it harder for people to succeed. The main race in this area is African American and they are all a lower social class because of their income and location. The matrix of oppression has grown over the years in this area. The sociological theory I would use to explain this social issue would be conflict theory. Conflict theory is a setRead MoreThe Internet: Facts and Figures925 Words   |  4 Pageshas altered sociological discourse, theory, research, and methodology. Zhao (2006) claims, the Internet has created a new spatiotemporal zone, which is a virtual social gathering place within the online public domain, p. 458). The fact that most users of the Internet take for granted the existence of the online public domain is itself proof that it exists. Social gatherings online, whether via Pintarest or traditional instant messaging, have caused the formation of a new matrix of social contactRead MoreWhere is everybody An exploration of the Fermi Paradox2504 Words   |  11 Pagestimes its mass in fuel. 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Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreBusiness Functions in Context Notes Essay10972 Words   |  44 Pagesdivisions and there was sufficient communication between them they could achieve their own objectives. If the balance was right the overall objectives of the organisation would be met and the business would survive and grow. * Psycho – Sociological Approach (Parker Follett 1974) based her philosophy on the idea that it is impossible to separate work from human beings hopes, fears and aspirations. She believed in three types of conflict, domination (least favourable), compromise and integrationRead MoreAre Social Media Replacing Traditional Media In Terms Of Brand Equity Creation10677 Words   |  43 Pages(2006) find that an improvement in a book’s reviews leads to an increase in relative sales. Liu (2006) confirms the impact of consumer-to-consumer communication on company revenue, in particular box office revenue. Dellarocas et al. (2007) add online movie ratings to their revenue-forecasting model and show that this significantly improves the model’s predictive power. In this context, De Bruyn and Lilien (2008) analyze the impact of consumer-to-consumer communication during the different stages of a

All Quite on the Western Front Free Essays

HIST 234 March 21 All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front is narrated by Paul Baumer. Paul was only a nineteen year old fighting in the German army on the French front with some of his classmates: Albert Kropp, the clearest thinker among them; Muller, a physics-inclined academic; and Leer, who wears full beard and lusty nature for girls. Their friends include Tjaden, a skinny 19-year-old locksmith who love to eat; Haie Westhus a large peat-digger, also 19; Deterring, a married peasant; and Stannislaus Katczinsky their wise and crafty 40-year-old leader. We will write a custom essay sample on All Quite on the Western Front or any similar topic only for you Order Now Page 3 they all joined the army voluntarily after listening to the stirring patriotic speeches from their teacher, Kantorek. But after experiencing ten weeks of brutal training at the hands of the petty, cruel Corporal Himmelstoss and the unimaginable brutality of life on the front, Paul and his friends have realized that the ideals of nationalism and patriotism for which they enlisted are simply empty line. They no longer believe that war is glorious or honorable, because they live in constant physical terror. At the very beginning of the book Erich Maria Remarque says â€Å"This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war. † Page 0 This novel does not focus on daring stories of bravery, but rather gives a view of the conditions in which the soldiers find themselves. According to the writer â€Å"no one has the vaguest idea what we are in for. The wisest were just poor and simple people. They knew the war to be a misfortune. † page 11 The monotony between battles, the constant threat of artillery fire and bombardments, the young soldiers struggle to find food and the lack of training of young recruits meaning lower chances of survival. In the novel the author writes â€Å"our early life is cut off from the moment we came here and that without our lifting a hand† page 19. The young soldiers would often look back and try to find explanation but never quite succeed, since they consider themselves young and extraordinary vague because they were in the 20’s they only had their parents and maybe a girl, hich was not consider too much influences. Whereas older men have a strong background that cannot be destroy, they linked to various life for example they had a family, wife, children, occupations, interest and a background which was strong, which means that war cannot destroy their memory of family. During the war soldiers spent their time on the front line, in an infantryman and in front line trenches. The working conditions became very predictable since it was spent mostly in the trenches. Soldiers recall the boredom of life in the dreary, lice-ridden, diseases spreading, muddy and dusty trenches. The writer describes the unsanitary conditions of life at the front as Tjaden, tired of killing lice one by one, scrapes them off his skin into a boot-polish tin. He kills them by heating the tin with a flame. Haie’s lice have red crosses on their heads, and he jokes that he got them at a hospital where they attended the surgeon general. Paul remembers he and his friends were embarrassed to use the general latrines when they were recruits but now they find them a luxury. With Behm’s death, Paul and his classmates lost their innocent trust in authority figures such as Kantorek. Kantorek writes a letter to them filled with the empty phrases of patriotic fervor, calling them â€Å"Iron Youth† and glorifying their heroism. The men reflect that they once idolized Kantorek but now despise him; they blame him for pushing them into the army and exposing them to the horror of war. They would wake up middle of the night by hearing loud booms. According to Paul he believed that they â€Å"have lost their senses of other consideration because they are artificial since only the facts are real and important to them. Page 21 As Paul sits with Kemmerich who knew his leg has been amputated, he tries to cheer him up, but Kemmerich is convinced he will die, Paul has seen friends die before, but growing up with Kemmerich makes life harder, the orderlies were not helpful, and when they return, Kemmerich has died. Paul collects his things and they remove the body to free up the bed for more wounded. As younger soldiers arrived, Paul and his friends feel like mature veterans. Paul believes every company has one or two resourceful people, but Kat, a cobbler by trade, is the smartest he knows. Page 37. Paul is glad to be his friend, and tells a story to illustrate his strength as a leader. For example Kat, bunking in a small, ravaged factory one night, Kat finding straw for the men to sleep on, and when they are hungry with no food, Kat goes off again and returns with bread and horse-flesh without providing an explanation. page 37 It was assumed that Kat’s sixth sense help locating food and his special talent. As men return from the fronts, they see the shells shattered and coffins pilled by the dozens, however they made jokes in order to distance themselves from the unpleasant knowledge that coffin are made for them. Their first front was completely demolished by a direct hit and the second only to discover it has been buried. Captured Russian soldiers, who are reduced to picking through the German soldiers’ garbage for food, which means there might not be any food in the garbage. Food is so scarce that everything is eaten. Looking at the Russian soldiers, Paul can scarcely believe that these men with honest peasant faces are the enemy. Since nothing about them suggests that he is fundamentally different from them or that he should have any reason to want to kill them. Many of the Russians are slowly starving, and they are stricken with dysentery in large numbers. But most people simply ignore the prisoners begging, and a few even kick them. When Paul returns to the front, he finds Kat, Muller, Tjaden, and Kropp still alive and uninjured. He shares his potato cakes with them. There is excitement among the ranks: the Kaiser, the emperor of Germany, is coming to see the army. In preparation for his visit, everything is cleaned thoroughly, and all the soldiers are given new clothes. But when the Kaiser arrives, Paul and the others are disappointed to see that he is not a very remarkable man. After he leaves, the new clothes are taken away. Paul and his friends muse that if a certain thirty people in the world had said â€Å"no† to the war, it would not have happened. They conclude that wars are useful only for leaders who want to be in history books. During the Great War millions men lost their lives in one of the greatest acts of barbarity the world has ever seen. The heroism and sacrifice of troops in the trenches is probably without parallel. The pretexts for execution for British soldiers had a common theme: many were suffering shell shock or now recognized as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Most of those men were young, defenseless and vulnerable teenagers who had volunteered for duty. Millions of men lost their lives fighting for war and millions of men came home without a leg, an arm, or blind, or deaf, or mentally broken due to the things they had to live through in the trenches. Others had their lives cut short through the effects of poison gas, and injuries due to blast, with collapsed lungs. While others came home whole in body, appearing normal, but with such serious nervous and mental conditions that they could not work, and were confined to mental hospitals for the rest of their lives. It should be noted that most, especially on the Allied side, later believed the war to have been worthless. Technological and military innovations such as poison gas, the machine gun, and trench warfare revolutionized combat during World War I, and Remarque effectively dramatizes how these innovations made the war bloodier, longer, and more costly. In almost every case, military innovations make the soldiers’ lives more dangerous, while medical innovations lag increasingly far behind. Kemmerich, for instance, dies from complications from a relatively light wound. Glory and patriotism cease to be rational ideals in the conflict because advanced technology limits the effect that an individual soldier can have on the conflict and alienates him from the consequences of his actions. Life and death thus become meaningless. How to cite All Quite on the Western Front, Papers

Presentation Of venue and Facility Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Presentation Of venue and Facility. Answer: The topic area chosen for the presentation is significance of the venue and facility maintenance. This module will offer information to the hirers, servicers, entertainers and to the other dedicated people who is associated with the Venue/ Facility Management. This data will help every person working at the specific venues to take essential steps in the matter of safety process. Forming and distributing a safe environment can be attained with the complete safety management system in space. Therefore, it is important for every individual who is working in the field to understand the importance of safety and security. This presentation will highlight few essential factors that need to be recognized in order to take necessary steps to prevent accidents or to cope up with the accidents. Readings, Resources and their objectives: Security Commitment is one of the essential factors in stating the importance and significance of the venue and facility management. It can be said that the dedicated event manager takes the necessary responsibilities to ensure the safety and security to the workers, volunteers and invitees. Therefore, this is also significantly important to take essential steps to secure him/her at first place in order to offer help and assistance to the others. The significantly important role that an event manager should play is to supervise the necessary elements such as the security of the place, essential structures to meet the targets and security of the plants of that place and other equipment or props (Gillentine et al., 2016). This is significantly important to check the legal documents of the place the event will take place. It can be said that the event manager should check if the place if legally certified or not to avoid the legal hazards later. This is also important to detect instruct ions on the matter of health and safety from the dedicated representatives of event facilities. This is to be noted that the dedicated servicers taking part in this activity at Event Facilities venues should be liable for their individual health safety. The event manager should report the accident immediately to the respective places and groups to avoid major loss. Personal Protection Equipment should be accessible to the dedicated employees. This is important to check the risk facts before booking the place. It is also important to have enough capable and experienced employee handle crisis situation and do the needful. Furthermore, the workers need to wear suitable cloths and footwear in order to stay safe in the event field (Bartollas, Schmalleger Turner, 2017). This is important to offer the significant equipment for their personal safety. It is helpful if the consumption of alcohol or sort of drugs can be prohibited in the area of the event. The parents should be asked for not to take their children in the event area. The safety for children is significantly essential matter. Therefore, it is possible to allow the children to take part in the event only if there is proper protection available for the children (Filce, Hall Phillips 2016). It is to be mentioned that the event manager should check if the selected venue is being certified with Councils Health and Safety Policies or not circumstances. This is very important to offer a proper guideline to the workers before the event. It is always helpful to organize few important meetings to evaluate the risk factors, to discuss and to exercise pro per steps in order to perform a proper event. This can be helpful to have the back plan for every possible hazard or accident. It is important to offer the responsibility to a technologically sound person to supervise and direct accordingly at the time of crisis. The employees should be requested to follow the instructions of the dedicated supervisor once the crisis situation takes place. The dedicated person should ask them to vacate the area of accident and to assemble in a proper place. In conclusion, it can be said that the event manager should have a systematic and strategic attitude in discarding the risk of accidents by managing a safe and balanced environment in order to meet the duty of care. References: Bartollas, C., Schmalleger, F., Turner, M. G. (2017).Juvenile delinquency. Pearson. Filce, r., Hall, S. A., Phillips, D. (2016). Stadium alcohol management: A best practices approach.International journal of sport management, recreation tourism,21, 48-65. Gillentine, a., Grady, J., Miller, J. J., Pettus, K. (2016). Accessible tailgating: an examination of ADA requirements and implications associated with tailgating activities.Journal of legal aspects of sport,26(1), 52-65.

Internship Handbook free essay sample

Internships for MPH students fulfill a critical need for their public health experience and help build our community, state, and nation’s public health workforce. The following information is designed to guide and provide accountability for preceptors and interns in the University of Missouri Master of Public Health Internship program. Thank you for agreeing to work with the Master of Public Health Program to help provide experience for our graduate students. We appreciate your input into planning experiences and your feedback about students’ progress. Sincerely, Kristofer J. To harness the unique strengths of the University of Missouri in rural health, veterinary medicine, and policy analysis and development in addressing the needs of underserved populations and preparing public health leaders on the local, state, and national levels. Statement of Values The underlying values of the University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program include a strong commitment to creating a learning environment where evidence-based decision-making and bestpractices are focused on enhancing the common good. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship Handbook or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The core values of the University of Missouri (Respect, Responsibility, Discovery, Excellence) intersect with key public health values informing the program in several important ways: 1) Respect for the diversity of our students and for the communities they will serve, including an understanding of issues involving equity and the special needs of vulnerable populations, 2) The Responsibility of the academy to bring rigor and excellence to the training of both future and currently practicing public health professionals and to make research findings accessible for use in the development of public policy, 3) The value of promoting and supporting the innovative interdisciplinary Discovery that is a unique strength of the discipline of public health, and 4) The necessity of holding leaders of population-based efforts to improve health to the highest standards of Excellence, including professionalism, solid grounding in international and national codes of ethics, and respect for individual dignity, social justice, and fairness. -1- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Policy for Pre-requisites for the MPH Internship Before the beginning of an internship, the MPH student must have completed 21 hours of coursework in the Master of Public Health Program, which should include following courses: P_HLTH 7150 Principles of Public Health P_HLTH 150 Human Health and the Environment P_HLTH 8920 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Public Health and either F_C_MD 8420 Principles of Epidemiology or NURSE 8100 Epidemiology for Public Health Practice and either STAT 7020 Statistical Methods in the Health Sciences or STAT 7410 Biostatistics Subtotal Credit Hours Other Elective Credit Hours TOTAL 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 15 6 21 Pre-requisite Waiver Policy: Waivers for students who would like to start their internships prior to completion of all pre-requisites will be considered on an individual basis by the student’s Faculty Advisor, F ield Placement Coordinator, and the MPH Program Director. -2- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Student Checklist Preparing for internship: (3 months before internship) ? 1. Revise Resume: Include information on education, previous work experience, and career goals. Keep length to no more than two pages. Contact your Faculty Advisor or the Field Placement Coordinator for assistance, if needed. 2. Complete Self-Assessment Form: This will help you to identify competency areas you want to emphasize during your internship. Turn in the self-assessment to the Field Placement Coordinator. See Appendix 2. The Student Internship Interest form is also helpful and available in Appendix 3. 3. Consider Potential Internship Sites: With the assistance of your Faculty Advisor and/or the Field Placement Coordinator, develop a listing of potential internship sites. Considerations include: geographical location, interest areas, career goals, and learning objectives. Review the opportunities posted on the MPH Program website. http://publichealth. missouri. edu/students/Internship%20Opportunities. php 4. Meet with Your Faculty Advisor: Review potential internship opportunities, self-assessment, and interest areas with your Faculty Advisor and the Field Placement Coordinator as needed. (Special note: Your Faculty Advisor is identified in your https://myzou. missouri. edu account. ) 5. Contact Sites/Preceptors: Make contact with potential Preceptors to explore internship duties. Set up interviews (phone or in-person) and review information about the agency/organization. Treat contacts like job interviews; follow up with thank-you notes and inform the Preceptor promptly if you will be accepting the internship. 6. Finalize Internship Site and Preceptor: Contact your Faculty Advisor and the Field Placement Coordinator to finalize internship plans. ? ? ? ? ? Starting your internship: (within 2 weeks of starting internship) ? 7. Complete Statement of Purpose: Identify the MPH Program Competencies you plan to meet through your internship work, develop specific, time-sensitive, and measurable objectives, and estimate a timeline for completion. The Statement of Purpose must be signed by the intern, Preceptor, and Faculty Advisor and returned to the Field Placement Coordinator at the start of the internship. 8. Complete Internship Agreement: Ask your Faculty Advisor and Preceptor to review your internship goals and objectives and complete the Internship Agreement. This document must be signed by the intern, Preceptor, and Faculty Advisor and returned to the Field Placement Coordinator at the start of the internship. 9. Complete Internship Log: Begin documenting hours and maintaining a record of activities on the Internship Log in Appendix 6. 10. Complete Field Practicum Agreement: Complete a Field Practicum Agreement if requested by the Field Placement Coordinator. These are needed for new and off-campus internship sites. See Appendix 4. ? ? ? Midterm: 11. Complete Internship Progress Report: Meet with your Preceptor about halfway through the internship to discuss progress. The intern and Preceptor must complete the Internship Progress Report and return it to the Field Placement Coordinator. -3- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures ? 12. Update Statement of Purpose: Update progress towards meeting objectives and timeline on the Statement of Purpose and return to the Field Placement Coordinator. Final: ? 13. Finalize Statement of Purpose: Complete the final column of the Statement of Purpose and address objectives that were met (or not met). This document must be signed by your Faculty Advisor, Preceptor, and the Field Placement Coordinator and turned into the Field Placement Coordinator. Complete all assigned internship activities within the internship period unless previous arrangements have been made. If it is clear that an internship-related student activity cannot be completed during the internship, discuss this with the Faculty Advisor as soon as possible. 14. Complete Student Evaluation of Internship: You must complete your Student Final Internship Evaluation within one week of completing the internship. Return the evaluation to the Field Placement Coordinator. A final grade will not be issued until the evaluation is received. 15. Request Preceptor Evaluation of Internship: Provide your Preceptor with a copy of the Preceptor Final Internship Evaluation and requests that it be completed and returned no later than one week following completion of the internship and turned in to the Field Placement Coordinator. 16. Finalize Internship Log: Finalize your log and turn in to the Field Placement Coordinator. 17. Complete Summary Report/Project: Submit a brief paper or report that summarizes your internship activities and accomplishments to your Faculty Advisor. See Guidelines for Final Paper. ? ? ? ? -4- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Sample Schedule All documentation should be turned in to the Field Placement Coordinator in her MPH Program office. I. Required documentation schedule for 360 hours of internship in one semester For this option, register for 6 credits in one semester for P_HLTH 8980 Public Health Internship. Previous Semester ? Self-assessment ? Internship interest form (optional) Start of Semester ? Internship Agreement ? Statement of Purpose ? Field Practicum Agreement Midterm ? Internship Progress Report ? Updated Statement of Purpose Final ? Finalized Statement of Purpose ? Student Evaluation ? Preceptor Evaluation ? Final Paper ? Internship Log (if needed) *II. Required documentation schedule for 360 hours of internship spanning 2 semesters For this option, enroll in P_HLTH 8980 Public Health Internship for two semesters and divide 6 credits between these two semesters (e. g. combination of 2-4, 3-3 or 1-5). Previous Semester ? Self-assessment ? Internship interest form (optional) Start of First Semester ? Internship Agreement ? Statement of Purpose ? Field Practicum Agreement End of First Semester ? Internship Progress Report, ? Updated Statement of Purpose End of Second Semester ? Finalized Statement of Purpose ? Student Evaluation ? Preceptor Evaluation ? Final Paper ? Internship Log (if needed) Work closely with/contact Academic Advisor *This option is particularly helpful for summer interns that will not complete their internships by the grading deadline in early August. This avoids having to enter an â€Å"incomplete† grade for the summer semester. Students completing their internships in the summer should register for 3 credits for the summer semester and 3 credits for the fall semester. -5- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Preceptor Expectations As you work with your student, please consider the following guidelines for the student experience: †¢ †¢ Provide an internship description well in advance for internship position advertisement. You may use our format for the advertisement (See Appendix 4). At the beginning of the internship, complete agency-student contract with student and Faculty Advisor. Determine semester meeting dates and times for routine meetings with your student. (Other meetings can be scheduled as needed throughout the semester). Specify orientation activities you want your student to complete early in their experience. Clarify call-in procedure if student will miss or be late to the assigned daily experience. Provide a list of resources that you use (e. g. pamphlets/brochures), information from other agencies, other staff resources, etc. for students to use during the semester to help with project work and/or understanding the work of public health agencies. Review student’s progress on their project and notify Field Placement Coordinator if there are any concerns. Notify Field Placement Coordinator regarding any problems or concerns regarding student’s behavior. Discuss and plan with the student the type of final report you expect on the project(s). We expect that students will customize this report to the needs of your project. This report is flexible and may include written summaries, data disk, survey tool, teaching materials, etc. – whatever best serves your needs and the project(s) needs. Complete an evaluation of the student at the end of the internship experience and email Field Placement Coordinator. Share with student as you feel appropriate. Document your work and time as a Preceptor according to your agency’s evaluation protocol. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Project Selection We ask that preceptors and their agencies choose projects that they would like students to work on. When making choices for students, please consider the complexity of the project, time demands for the Preceptor and the student, timeliness of project deliverables, and feasibility for student the student to complete the work, e. g. working with outside collaborators, having adequate resources, and similar constraints. After selecting a project, list in detail the steps involved in project. The student is responsible for coordinating with the MPH Program Faculty Advisors about the project selection. -6- University of Missouri-Columbia Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Student Expectations During this course, you will be gaining experience in a public health agency and working with a Preceptor on a specific project. The agency and the Preceptor are volunteering to assist you in meeting your educational goals. General student expectations for this experience are listed below: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Contact the Preceptor/agency regularly to discuss progress on your project. Accomplish activities as stated in the Internship Statement of Purpose contract. Participate in activities offered by the Preceptor in addition to the work on your project. Inform the Preceptor/agency and clinical instructor about problems/issues related to population and/or project work. Any unresolved issues may be brought to your Faculty Advisor and the MPH Program Administrative Staff. Be responsive to Preceptor/agency requests. Demonstrate professional behaviors, including appropriate dress, language, punctuality, call-in procedure, and discussion with clients and health professionals. †¢ †¢ Preceptors will evaluate your performance based on these expectations. The internship is a pass/fail program. The work on your project must meet the needs of the agency/Preceptor for you to pass the internship. Faculty Advisor Expectations The Faculty Advisor is a very important academic figure during the internship process. He/she serves along with the Field Placement Coordinator as a bridge between the student and the Preceptor as needed. The role of the Faculty Advisor becomes more important when the student faces problems during the internship. He/she must work in conjunction with the Field Placement Coordinator to sort out any problematic issues. Further, considering development of the student and current competitive environment, the Faculty Advisor should be prepared to discuss the following with prospective interns: 1. Will this project be at graduate student level? 2. Is this project going to meet MPH Program Competencies (see Appendix 1)? 3. Will it lend itself to a capstone project? (This is not required but desirable for students who are seeking publications or PhD. ) -7- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures INTERNSHIP AGREEMENT UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAM STUDENT STATEMENT: I, ________________________________________ agree to perform my internship at the agency and with the Preceptor named below. I understand that in order to satisfy the internship requirement, my proposed project(s) must have the approval of the Preceptor and the Faculty Advisor. I have attached learning objectives and activities with this contract. I agree to complete all pre-internship requirements (readings, physical exams, background checks, etc. ) as requested by the sponsoring agency. I understand that I must complete approximately 360 clock hours to satisfy program requirements. This might be completed as a single full-time block (about 9 weeks at 40 hours per week) or part-time during the course of several months and up to one year. The current internship will be approximately _______ hours/week for _______ weeks. Compensation for this internship period will be $_________ per _________. I understand I may or may not receive compensation. I understand that if I do receive compensation, it will be from the agency and not from the University of Missouri. I understand that I may or may not be covered by the agency’s worker compensation benefit, and I agree to obtain health insurance in the event I will not be covered by the agency for worker’s compensation. I understand that the Preceptor and Faculty Advisor will evaluate my progress jointly. I will present all report materials in the format requested by the Preceptor and/or the Faculty Advisor. I understand that if my performance is not satisfactory, I may be re-assigned by the Faculty Advisor. I will complete all required evaluations and documentation as specified in the MPH Internship Procedures and submit them to the MPH Program Associate Director. I understand that a final grade will not be issued until the Faculty Advisor receives all paperwork. With respect to the agency, I agree to maintain privacy regarding any information with special confidentiality requirements (patient information, financial information, etc. ). Student Signature: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Preceptor Signature: ____________________________________________________________________ (Title) Agency/Organization:________________________________________________Date:______________ Major Program Advisor Signature: _____________________________________Date:_______________ (If Needed) Dual Degree Advisor Signature: __________________________________________ Date: ___________ -8- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures INTERNSHIP STATEMENT OF PURPOSE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAM (Attach more information if needed) Instructions: 1. Complete the first three columns of the table at the start of the internship. Competencies may be selected with the help of the Faculty Advisor and Field Placement Coordinator and can be found in Appendix 1. 2. Objectives should be measurable and specific to the internship project (e. g. develop a survey for assessing barriers to breast-feeding in low-income women). 3. Once completed, the Statement of Purpose must be signed by the Faculty Advisor, Preceptor, and intern and a copy turned in to the Field Placement Coordinator. 4. At Midterm and Final, the objectives should be re-evaluated and addressed in the appropriate column. The overall purpose of my internship is: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ COMPETENCIES OBJECTIVES ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE MIDTERM PROGRESS FINAL EVALUATION -9- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Page 2 MPH PROGRAM INTERNSHIP STATEMENT OF PURPOSE COMPETENCIES OBJECTIVES ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE MIDTERM PROGRESS FINAL EVALUATION Preceptor: _________________ Date: _______ Midterm: _________________ Date: _______ Final: ____________________ Date: _______ Advisor: _______________ Date: __________ (At the start of internship) Student: _______________Date: ______ Field Placement Coordinator________ ____ Date:_______ Midterm: ______________ Date: _______ Final: _________________ Date: _______ Midterm: _____________________________Date:_________ Final: _________________________________Date:________ -10- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures INTERNSHIP PROGRESS REPORT Preceptor and Intern: Complete this form about halfway through the internship. Return this form to the MPH Program Administrative Associate, University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program, 802 Lewis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. Student Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Internship Site: _______________________________________________________________________ Preceptor: ___________________________________________________________________________ (Title) Period Covered by Progress Report: _____________________________through ___________________ Total Hours Worked to Date: ____________________________________________________________ Activities observed and/or participated in during this period: ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ A. Student Intern Comments: 1. Brief description of Internship to date: 2. Self-assessment of progress/accomplishments: -11- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures PRECEPTOR FINAL INTERNSHIP EVALUATION Preceptor: Complete this evaluation within one week following the completion of the internship. Please return the evaluation to the MPH Program Administrative Associate, University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program, 802 Lewis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211. Student Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Internship Site: _______________________________________________________________________ Preceptor: ___________________________________________________________________________ Internship Dates: from _______________________________ through ___________________________ Please evaluate the intern’s performance and University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program faculty and staff participation during the internship period (please feel free to submit any additional attachments): 5 – Excellent 4 – Above Average 3 – Average 2 – Below Average 1- Needs Improvement NA – Not Applicable A. Internship Performance: Reliability (attendance, punctuality, etc. ) Initiative Organizational Skills Enthusiasm for Project(s) Time Management (completing projects, etc. ) Independence in Project(s) Team Skills Exercised Appropriate Judgment 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Student competency goals (from Statement of Purpose) achieved 1_______________________________ 2_______________________________ 3_______________________________ 4_______________________________ 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA NA Additional comments: __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ (Signature of Preceptor) (Date) -12- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures STUDENT FINAL INTERNSHIP EVALUATION Return this form to the MPH Program Administrative Associate, University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program, 802 Lewis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 within one week of completing the internship. Student Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Internship Site: _______________________________________________________________________ Preceptor: ___________________________________________________________________________ Internship Dates: from ________________________ through _____________________________ Please answer the following questions including the comments section. SA: Strongly Agree SD: Strongly Disagree A: Agree D: Disagree NA: Not Applicable 1. My internship contributed to the development of my career interests. 2. My internship provided me with new information and skills. 3. My internship provided an opportunity to use theory and/or information obtained in the classroom. 4. My internship activities were relevant to my learning objectives. 5. My preceptor was accessible to me and provided adequate supervision. . My preceptor provided information regarding agency policies and standards of practice. 7. My preceptor was knowledgeable in his/her area of responsibility. SA SA SA A A A D D D SD SD SD NA NA NA SA SA SA SA A A A A D D D D SD SD SD SD NA NA NA NA Comment: _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ (Signature of Student) (Date) -13- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures Guidelines for Final Paper The student must submit to the Field Placement Coordinator a brief paper or report that summarizes internship activities and accomplishments. The format of the summary may vary, but it should sufficiently describe the scope of the intern’s activities and any special projects undertaken. Include views on the experience, achievement of learning objectives, strengths, and weaknesses. * †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 2-3 pages, not more than 1000 words. Use font of Times New Roman with size of 12. Double-spaced lines. Due one week after completion of internship. *In particular, please elaborate on one of the following cross-cutting competencies, stating how your internship experience has helped in achieving it. Use the basic concepts and skills involved in culturally appropriate community engagement and empowerment with diverse communities. Cite examples of situations where consideration of culture-specific needs resulted in a more effective modification or adaptation of a health intervention. Describe the attributes of leadership in public health. Apply social justice and human rights principles when addressing community needs. Embrace a definition of public health that captures the unique characteristics of the field (e. g. , population-focused, community-oriented, prevention-motivated and rooted in social justice) and how these contribute to professional practice. Distinguish between population and individual ethical considerations in relation to the benefits, costs, and burdens of public health programs. In collaboration with others, prioritize individual, organizational, and community concerns and resources for public health programs. Explain how the contexts of gender, race, poverty, history, migration, and culture are important in the design of interventions within public health systems. Analyze the effects of political, social and economic policies on public health systems at the local, state, national and international levels. -14- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 1 Competencies to Be Used for Internship Learning Objectives Biostatistics 1. Propose preferred methodological alternatives to commonly used statistical methods when assumptions are not met. 2. Develop written and oral presentations based on statistical analyses for both public health professionals and educated lay audiences. 3. Partner with communities to attach meaning to collected data. Epidemiology 1. Evaluate the integrity and comparability of data and identify gaps in data sources. 2. Select and define variables relevant to defined public health problems. 3. Obtain and interpret information regarding risks and benefits to the community. 4. Design and evaluate surveillance systems for microbiological hazards to human health of animal origin including new, emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases, foodborne diseases, and those due to antimicrobial resistant bacteria. 5. Communicate epidemiologic information to lay and professional audiences. Health Policy and Management 1. Differentiate and analyze the social determinants of health status. 2. Evaluate the effects of political, social, and economic policies on public health systems at the local, state, national, and international levels. 3. Use information technology to access, evaluate, and interpret data and influence public health policy. 4. Solicit and interpret input from individuals and organizations about public health issues and/or programs. 5. Design and adapt approaches to problems that take into account cultural differences. 6. Build and manage partnerships and work as an effective member of a diverse and/or interdisciplinary team. Social and Behavioral Science in Public Health 1. Analyze the causes of social and behavioral factors that affect health of individuals and populations. 2. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of social and behavioral models in addressing public health problems. 3. Evaluate the impact of social and behavioral science interventions and policies on public health programs and outcomes. 4. Establish targets and formulate interventions for social and behavioral science programs and/or policies. 5. Design public health programs and strategies responsive to the diverse cultural values and traditions of the communities being served. Environmental Health 1. Develop a testable model of environmental insult. 2. Outline a health impact assessment of a public policy proposal or infrastructure development proposal. 3. Effectively communicate about and manage environmental risks. 4. Interpret and construct logical arguments concerning the balance of individual and community risks, rights, and benefits. -15- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures 5. Identify, evaluate, and devise intervention strategies for the prevention and control of foodborne disease threats. 6. Provide health education and/or extension education services to a wide array of stakeholders including farmers, food processors, and the general public. 7. Conduct biomedical research and engage in production and control of biological products and medical devices. Communication 1. Collaborate with communication and informatics specialists in the process of design, implementation, and evaluation of public health information programs. 2. Use the media, advanced technologies, and community networks to communicate information. 3. Use informatics and communication methods to advocate clearly and effectively for community public health programs and policies. -16- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 2 SELF-ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIENCE/COMPETENCY Below you will find summarized versions of the competencies with which each MPH student, regardless of Emphasis Area, will be expected to graduate. The full, detailed list of competencies is available on the MPH Program website. The completion of this self-assessment will serve both as a guide for individuals in shaping their internship and capstone experiences and for the program as a whole, in evaluating and revising our curriculum. For each question, please record your answer on the attached answer sheet according to the following scale: 1. NO EXPERIENCE 2. AWARE 3. KNOWLEDGEABLE 4. PROFICIENT 5. N/A BIOSTATISTICS 1. Be able to identify data sources and apply descriptive and inferential methodologies for answering research questions, as well as describe preferred methodological alternatives to commonly used statistical methods when assumptions are not met. 2. Develop written and oral presentations based on statistical analyses for both public health professional and educated lay audiences while applying ethical principles to the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of data and information. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 3. Analyze the impact of environmental and occupational hazards on population health. 4. Describe prevention, control, risk management, and communication strategies in relation to the issues of environmental justice and equity at local, national, and global levels. 5. Explain the physiological, psychosocial, biological, molecular, and toxicological effects of environmental and occupational insults on population health. EPIDEMIOLOGY 6. Describe and quantify health problems in terms of magnitude, person, time, and place in the community and understand the application of community-based participatory research. 7. Calculate basic epidemiology measures and evaluate the integrity and comparability of data. 8. Understand basic survey design, its ethical and legal principles, and analysis with appropriate epidemiological and inferential methods. (Continued†¦. ) -17- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT 9. Describe the history, structure, and emerging advances in health care systems. Identify, differentiate, and describe the elements of the organization, financing, functioning, regulation, and delivery of health services and understand the consequences of changes to those systems, including unintended ones. 10. Understand the social determinants of health status and analyze the impact of political, social, legal, ethical, technological, cultural, and economic factors on public health policy and delivery systems at local, state, national, and international levels. 11. Articulate and analyze the principles of strategic planning, program development, budgeting, marketing, and evaluation through the use of quality and performance improvement tools and community and stakeholder participation. 12. Partner with communities to identify risks, enefits, and limitations of public health programs and recognize ethical, political, scientific, and economic issues arising from them. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 13. Understand the theories, concepts, and models of social and b ehavioral change and apply evidence-based quantitative and qualitative approaches for program planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health interventions at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. 14. Differentiate between linguistic competence, cultural competency, and health literacy and understand the importance of cultural diversity in the development and implementation of community-based public health interventions. COMMUNICATION 15. Understand the role of public health communications in the dissemination of health information to diverse communities and demonstrate written, oral, and informatics skills that advocate clearly and effectively for public health programs and policies to both professional and lay audiences. 16. Collaborate with communication and informatics specialists in the process of design, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs. 17. Use the media, advanced technologies, and community networks to communicate information. Comments: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ -18- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 3 Student Internship Interest Form Consider the following areas as a guide while preparing to select an internship. Write responses in the space provided if you wish to review this form with your Faculty Advisor or the Associate Director. SETTING/TYPE OF AGENCY: Types of agencies/organizations (e. g. hospital, health department, industry governmental agency, etc. ) that you believe would provide the kind of educational and professional experience you need: SKILLS: Any special skills you wish to use or develop during the internship: SUBJECT/CONTENT AREAS: Content areas (e. g. ealth promotion, infectious diseases, social issues, etc. ) in which you might like to work: LOCATION: List in order of preference the geographic location(s) you would prefer: SPECIAL POPULATIONS: Any special populations you would like to work with (e. g. , children, women, persons with disabilities, etc. ) PERSONA L NEEDS: Consider all personal needs that could constrain your placement at a particular site (e. g. accommodations needed as per ADA, religious considerations, etc. ) TIMING: Any preferences regarding timing, including work schedule requirements, time of year requirements, etc. FINANCIAL: Not all public health internships are paid. Do you need a paid internship? Yes/No OUT-OF-TOWN: Have you considered out-of-town internship (e. g. CDC)? If you are interested in an out-of-town internship, are you able to take care of transportation and housing during that time: Yes/No OTHER COMMENTS: Please provide any other information that would assist the MPH faculty in finding an appropriate internship for you. -19- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 4 INTERNSHIP DESCRIPTION FORM Agency: ______________________________________________________ Department name: _______________________________________________ Overview of the program: ________________________________________ Overview of the internship: _______________________________________ †¢ When are these positions offered? o Time frame: Open fromo Hours required: Location: On-site Vs Off-site Pay/ Stipend: Accommodation: Yes/No to- †¢ †¢ †¢ Qualifications: ___________________________________________________ Application deadlines: ___________________________________________ Travel: __________________________________________________________ Contact information: _____________________________________________ -20- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 5 Field Practicum Placement Agreement Between The Curators of the University of Missouri And This agreement is made on the day of , , between the Curators of the University of Missouri, for the Master of Public Health (MPH) Program, University of Missouri, hereinafter referred to as â€Å"the University† and hereinafter referred to as â€Å"the Agency†. It is mutually agreed by the University and the Agency that the practicum experience for students, in the field of Public Health, will be provided at the agency. The number of students assigned at a given time shall be determined by the Agency. Representatives of the Agency and the University shall cooperate in developing methods of instruction, objectives and other details of the field experience. The faculty of the University will assume responsibility for the selection and assignment of students to the learning experience. The students shall follow the Agency’s rules, regulations and procedures. If problems arise, the Field Placement Coordinator for the University shall be notified and representatives from the University and Agency will mutually handle such problems. Students will receive a thorough orientation to the Agency setting. University faculty members and Agency staff supervisors will evaluate the students’ performances by mutual consultation. The Agency will retain full responsibility for the clients of the Agency and will maintain administrative and professional supervision of students insofar as their presence affects the operation of the Agency and/or the direct or indirect provision of services for clients of the agency. The Agency shall be responsible for arranging immediate care in case of accident or illness of students but is not responsible for the costs involved, follow-up care or hospitalization. It is understood that assigned students are not University employees and therefore are not covered by Social Security, Unemployment compensation or Worker’s Compensation through the University. The University and the Agency do not and will not discriminate against any applicant for the field experience because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, national origin, age, or status as a Vietnam era veteran. -21- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures This agreement shall begin on the date set forth above in the initial paragraph of the Agreement and shall terminate on the 31st day of August, , provided, however, that the Agreement shall continue thereafter automatically for successive one-year terms running from September 1 to August 31, subjec t, however, to the right of either party to terminate the agreement, without liability or cause, at the end of the initial term or at the end of any subsequent annual term by giving the other party prior written notice no later than August 1st immediately preceding the beginning of the next successive annual term on September 1st. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be duly executed by their properly authorized representatives. THE CURATORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI Agency Name Signature Title Date Agency’s Mailing Address Phone Number _________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ( ) __________________________ -22- University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program 2010-2011 MPH Internship Procedures APPENDIX 6 LOG OF HOURS (for University of Missouri Master of Public Health Program Internship) Intern: ________________________ Duration: ______________________ Preceptor:

Why a Multi-Party System in Pakistan Essays

Why a Multi-Party System in Pakistan Essays Why a Multi-Party System in Pakistan Paper Why a Multi-Party System in Pakistan Paper Political parties are the flesh and blood of political system. The strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures, pros and cons of a political structure are highly associated with the Political Party System. Giovanni Sartori suggested a method to classify the political party systems on the basis of number of effective political parties. In this way three main political party systems are defined; Uni-party system, Bi-party system and Multi-party system. Each system has its own distinct characteristics and advantages along with disadvantages. In Uni-party system a single dominating party is protected by the constitution to govern. In Bi-party system two major parties contest elections and make governments alternately and freely without the help of other. Multi-party system as Sartori defines is one where no party can guarantee an absolute majority. Governments are coalition based. Around 7 to 10 parties compete with each other and represent different interest groups. But in some countries the number may vary from tens to hundreds. In Pakistan 250 political parties are registered with Election Commission of Pakistan. Why such a big number of Political parties in a country of just 20 crore people? Why this extent of Multipartism in Pakistan? Is this the sign of healthy democracy? Why do we not have Uni-party or Bi-party system? Why Multi-party system in Pakistan? The answer to all these questions is same and its roots lie in the history of our social, political and cultural transformation. Social and Political systems are highly correlated to each other. Around the globe, diversity in social systems accounts for diverse political systems. Party system being primary ingredient of political system is deeply rooted in the cultural and social fabric of nations. People having unified cultural identity tend to possess similar ideas. Take the case of China, people have unified Confucius belief and their culture sprouts from his teachings. Social system of Chinese people revolves around Confucius principles. They do not possess diverse social systems internally. This unification of social code has helped them to adopt a single political view represented by the Communist party. Countries like Cuba and North Korea have similar political system. These countries are known to be under Totalitarian rule. People are not enthusiastic for democracy. Class difference has been eliminated to some extent under communism and hence people are not driven by class interests. As Marx was of the view that political struggle is mainly driven by economic motives. Uni-party system discourages free economic activities to minimize the class struggle and thus political interests are held to a certain extent that do not come eye to eye with the interests of single dominating party. If we compare the social and political evolution of Pakistan to the above stated characteristics of a society with unified political structure under the umbrella of a Single party, we find many dissimilarities leading to a difference in political thoughts between the two societies. Pakistan is a society with diverse cultures. Here diversity of cultures has given birth to variety of political interests. Each interest group has adopted a distinguished identity in the form of a political party. Here people vote for the interests of baradris, tribes, clans, sects, businesses and personalities. Pakistani society is still in evolutionary process, nascent as its age is just 66 years. People are yet to clothe themselves into a nation. The colliding interests of different ethnic groups do not let them trust each other. They find it suitable to safeguard their interests on their own. Each province has a different composition of political set up. MQM and PPP in Sindh, ANP in Khyber Pakhtunkha, PML-N in Punjab, Nationalists and few affluent people in Baluchistan are prominent on political scene. Whilst in centre PPP and PML-N are two political power hubs. Coalition governments in centre as well as provinces are fundamental feature of political system of country. On the other hand if we compare our socio-political set up with those countries having Bi-party system, we find some similarities along with dissimilarities. Similarities include 1) both are pro democracy 2) both guarantee practice of freedom of speech 3) both are flexible and allow adjustments according to needs of time. Bi-party system is present in its obvious form in United States. In US politically oriented people consider their only realistic way to capture political power is to be either a Republican or Democrat. Historians are of the view that Bi-party system evolved in US due to the tug of power between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. In other words it evolved out of two different opinion holder groups. Number of different opinion groups is in reality the number of political parties in the country. US has two large opinion groups other being very small are insignificant. In Pakistan the number of influential opinion groups is very large and so is the number of political parties. Another dominant factor in determining the type of party system is the Electoral procedure. Political experts say that in an Electoral process where Winner-Takes-All principle is in action, only Bi-party system would develop. Winner-Takes-All means only the majority vote-taker will be given all power as practiced in US. Whereas Party-Proportional-Representation gives all the parties an opportunity to get seats in legislature in accordance with the proportion of votes obtained. In Pakistan even smaller political parties are able to secure at least one seat in legislature to ensure their existence. Another difference lies in the economic condition of people in both the countries. People with prosper economies are less hostile and divided. People in Pakistan are divided in elite, upper, middle, low and lower classes. People in villages and urban areas are distant from each other not only physically but ideologically as well. Unification of thought and idea in Pakistan is not as strong as in US. Gary Cox described the reasons for Bi-party system in US beautifully in these words: The bounty of the American economy, the fluidity of American society, the remarkable unity of the American people, and, most important, the success of American experiment have all mitigated against the emergence of large dissenting groups that would seek satisfaction of their special needs through the formation of political parties. As Cox described the presence of certain qualities prevented the Multi-party system to evolve in US, the absence of same has resulted in the development of Multi-party system in Pakistan. If we sum up the whole discussion following factors are found responsible for the development of Multi-party system in Pakistan: 1) Pakistani society is not unified in cultural and organizational aspects. 2) People are divided into distant groups and classes on the basis of economic disparities. 3) People are driven by class interests based on Bradris, clans, tribes, ethnicity, sects and favorite personalities. 4) Pakistani society is still nascent and is striving to achieve stability by establishing balance between opposing interests of different groups. 5) Parliamentary form of government that works on principle of Party-Proportional-representation, allows each party to survive. Some political scientists are of the view that Multi-party system is a result of chaos and conflicting ideas and hence it results in further chaos. On the other hand some regard it as More Democratic practice as it ensures the participation and representation of more interest groups and provides more choice. Whatever be the goods and bads of Multi-Party system, it is the only viable and pragmatic approach to the political needs of the people of Pakistan.

Electronic Communication at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electronic Communication at Work - Essay Example As the report declares ICT has changed not only the social life but also the nature of working life of the people. ICT has greatly changed the nature of work of the Australian community in many aspects which has been brought about by use of new technologies in work. This paper stresses that the diffusion of ICT in some of the aspects of the traditional jobs shows that they can be performed by clients themselves at all levels. For example the increased presence of photocopying machines and computer has taken the services at home from the commercial centres as more people now own these machines. The presence of the internet has led to creation of new jobs in the market as well as evolution of new methods of working. In the industries, it has also changed the nature of work and some of the traditional jobs are not turning multi skilled or they have come to add value in order to remain more viable in the market. Therefore it has led to diversification of skills that are required to perform a certain job while in other cases it has led to reduction of the skills required. This has been an important change in the way we work. The rise of electronic technology has facilitated the aspect of computerization of almost all the sectors of our life. The prod uction sector has been changing very fast which has led some of the trade skills traditionally considered important obsolete. For example typesetters and engravers in the printing industry and the circulation desk in the libraries have been rendered obsolete by the emerging technology. There has also been a great reorganization of the work place. (Capuro 2006, p. 65) This reorganization has led to creation of some departments which never existed before. The change in technology has brought about realignment of the workplace. For example the increased data handling capacity of computers has led to change of some departments that existed before. Computerization in the workplace has also led to the need to have workers who posses computer skills. It has become a requirement for every worker to have the basic computer skills in order to carry out their duty effectively. The use of computers in all departments demands multi-skilled workers. (Coyne 1995, p. 71) ICT has also led to breaking of boundaries of many occupations. There has been replication of services handled by different departments. For example, there has been increased sharing of duties between different departments that have reduced the boundaries between them. If we take the case of human resource department and the accounting department, both share the same database on the employees which is used to account for the payroll by the accounting department while the HR department use for supervision. (Forester 2004, p. 32) The nature of work has also been changed by the development of new products and process inputs in the production process. The change in technology of the production process has led to development of new product and new production process which has changed how we do our work. However the speed at which these new products and

Case Study- Marks & Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study- Marks & Spencer - Essay Example Case Study- Marks & Spencer Despite new policies being made and brand’s shares overtaking the UK general retail index since 2009, M&S still fails to be a hit around the globe. I think this is because save cost savings, little improvement is made in financial performance with majority of customers who approach M&S stores belonging to old age group. This is one of the main shortcomings of the company that it fails to attract younger people especially women to its stores and this is an area where more work needs to be done by M&S management in order to compensate for the fall in profits. A growing body of arguments attempts to find out what exactly M&S should do to combat falling fashion sales which despite different policies and many changes made within company, fail to reverse. People who ardently used to approach M&S stores for quality shopping experience now hesitate because apart from dwindling standard, there is also lack of innovation and flair in designs and patterns of clothes. This explains why M& S is currently relying more on food sales for annual profits as clothing sales continue to struggle. I think it would be a better future strategy if M&S decides to focus less on celebrity-laden advertising campaigns and invest more in bringing back the quality and originality in its clothing designs. It is reported that M&S CEO Bolland faces pressure from critics as the business reports consistent fall in clothing sales. (Thompson 2013). In contrast to cloth sales, M&S has made more progress as the most significant food retailer in the UK in terms of customer satisfaction. I think that same old arguments regarding performance and clothing sales will keep haunting M&S cloth stores in the coming years if the leaders do not make radical changes in the company. Employee empowerment is good but this is also true that M&S has suffered quite much as a result of deciding to distribute power to the lowest level possible. This decision started many of its store managers making many decisions on their own which were not very well-thought-out and negatively interfered with both fashion sales and customer loyalty. It is suggested that delivery of power to employees working on all levels is good but only if top management continues to heavily monitor all operations being performed. It is also recommended that people at top positions in the company who have power should establish a new healthy culture at M&S plc in an attempt to rid it of its constipated culture. This is the biggest challenge which should be analyzed in order to plummet down the rate of operation problems. Also, failure to meet profit targets is one of the primary issues encountered by the management. Several issues like poor relations with investors and suppliers, embarrassing boardroom arguments, failure to provide trendier clothes at lower prices, and more than necessary autonomy given to people working at low level are responsible for this. I think that as a way of

Analysis of Types of Operating Systems

Analysis of Types of Operating Systems Task 1 1.0 Introduction An Operating System (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and to provide public services for computer programs. The operating system is an important part of the system software in a computer system. Although it is possible to directly interface software applications and hardware, the vast majority of applications in an operating system, which allows them to take advantage of the public library, without having to worry about the specific hardware details written. The operating system manages a computers hardware resources, including the input devices, output devices, network devices and storage devices. The operating system also provides services to facilitate the efficient execution and management, and for the memory allocation, any additional software applications installed. For the personal computer, the most popular operating system is DOS, OS / 2 and Windows, but others are available, such as Linux. The operating system of a large computer system has more work to do. Such operating systems to monitor different programs and users to ensure that everything goes smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that many devices and procedures used simultaneously. In addition, operating system also has a vital role to play in terms of security. Its mandate includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing a computer system. 1.2 Types of Operating System 1.2.1 Microsoft Windows The Microsoft Windows is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft that was released in November 1985. It is used a graphical user interface instead. Input from the user usually comes from using a computer mouse and the commands are run by clicking on the icon representing the virtual cursor controlled by a mouse. There was a small learning curve required to use the Windows properly, but it was more easier to interact with graphical representations than commands and text lines, and there is no special programming language needed to be learned. The strengths of Microsoft Windows is its ease of use because the user is already familiar with the look of windows and familiar graphical user interface. So, the users can more comfortable in front of a screen. In addition, it also has many office application that are compatible with windows such as Microsoft Office. Microsoft Office is the best office suite around, and Microsoft are make sure that Windows has the best support for it. This is one of the main reasons why Windows users are often reluctant to switch operating systems. The weakness of Microsoft Windows is its installation is more difficult than the Linux operating system because its need a high resource requirements of hardware such as a faster processor, more internal memory and a larger hard disk. In addition, the other weakness of windows is its price. Microsoft Windows can run between $50.00 $150.00 US dollars per each license copy. Although Windows does have software programs, utilities, and games for free, the majority of the programs will cost anywhere between $20.00 $200.00+ US dollars per copy. 1.2.2 Ms-Dos The MS-DOS is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft that was first released in August 1980. It is remembered as the first standard operating system to be adopted by many manufacturers of personal computing machines. It uses a completely text-based programming language to allow users to work with, or interface with, their PC. The Commands are typed into computers at a specific command prompt location on the computer screen using a standard keyboard. Commands must be very precise and correct.The user must specify which commands they want, how they want it to run, and what program or system they want to use on your computer. This requires the user to learn a specific language and syntax rules to use of their computers. The strengths of MS-Dos is its very lightweight and very stable operating system. It does not have the overhead of a multitasking operating system. It is a contraction for Disk Operating System and it is very fast and stable even on a relatively slow machine. It starts up fairly quickly on most hardware, uses little memory, and allows direct access to hardware, unlike most protected mode operating systems today. The weakness of MS-Dos was its single-user or single-test system design that couldn’t support multitasking, networking and other sophisticated application required of computer of every size. It is 16-bit and limited to 640k of RAM. In addition, it runs in real mode, so a buggy or malicious program can cause corruption. Today, it is a relic of times past, but its simple structure and user interface make it an accessible learning tool for operating system students. 1.2.3 Linux Linux is a cross-platform operating system based on Unix. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions. It can be installed on PCs, laptops, netbooks, mobile and tablet devices, video game consoles, servers, supercomputers and more. It enjoys unparalleled popularity among programmers, who contribute enhancements and improvements to the standard code set. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computers processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system. The strengths of Linux is characterized by its power, flexibility, and constant maintenance by legions of programmers worldwide while maintaining careful adherence to industry standards. The most appealing aspect of Linux distributions is their cost or available for free. You can download and use a distribution on as many computers as you want. Once installed, updates and patches are also available for free, and updated regularly. In addition, Linux computers tend to be more secure than their Windows counterparts, with less susceptibility to viruses and malware. The weakness of Linux is many windows programs will not run in Linux such as iTunes, Microsoft Office, Internet Explorer and many other Windows programs. The good news is that there are decent ways around most of these problems. For example, music libraries can be managed with an iPod using programs such asAmarok, Banshee, or Rhythmbox in Linux. In addition, Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are outstanding Internet browsers which can be used in the place of Internet Explorer. It is also possible to run iTunes in Linux using Wine, VirtualBox, or Parallels, though it is difficult to have good results. 1.2.4 MAC OS The Mac OS is a series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems for Mac computers developed and marketed by Apple Inc that was introduced in January 24, 1984. The first version Mac OS X Server 1.0 are released in year 1999, and a desktop version Mac OS X v10.0 followed on March 24, 2001. Mac OS is a development platform that supports multiple development technologies including UNIX, Java, the proprietary Cocoa and Carbon runtime environments, and a host of open source, Web, scripting, database and development technologies. The strengths of Mac OS is its has a good security that protect the computer. Mac OS has a two-layered system to protect the computer. The attractive GUI sits atop a Unix core, and Unix is best-known for its security features. Its simply impossible to install a destructive trojan or virus unless the user explicity allows it root access via typing in the admin password. Mac OSs built-in firewall is set up to work unobtrusively out of the box as well as being highly configurable. The weakness of Mac OS is its price. All that flashy secure reliable power comes at a price. Macs cost more than machines that run other operating systems. Highly specialized software can be difficult to source for Mac OS, such as industry-specific applications, and businesses you work with may provide files in one of the few non-Mac OS formats left in the computer world, such as Microsoft Publisher. 1.3 Conclusion In conclusion, some operating systems were developed in the 1950s, where computers could only execute one program at a time. The operating systems are very importance to responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. Later in the decade, computers included many software programs, sometimes called libraries, which were linked together to create the beginning of todays operating systems. Today’s operating systems tend to have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use pointing devices for input. A mouse is an example of such a pointing device, as is a stylus. Commonly used the operating systems for IBM-compatible personal computers is include the Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Task 2 2.0 Introduction An executive administrator is also known as an executive assistant, is an administrative professional who provides the clerical and personal support to an executive level manager at major companies. The responsibilities of an executive administrator can be quite extensive and are dependent on the type of industry in which a person works. For example, the responsibilities of an executive administrator in a retail environment might differ from that of one in a steel manufacturing plant. Some of the general duties an executive administrator can expect to perform in an organization include lending support to the human capital management of the organization, assisting in the development and delivery of programs aimed at the transmission of the company’s objectives, and keeping tabs on the financial targets of the company. Administrative executives are the primary gatekeepers of the executive offices. They are responsible for the daily administrative activities of the executive offices. Such responsibilities include juggling phone calls, handling mail and offering administrative advice when needed. Administrative responsibilities can sometimes go beyond business and overlap into personal assistance, as well. As highly respected members of the executive team, administrative executives can be relied upon for daily personal needs, such as arranging vacation flights or personal transportation. In addition, administrative executives are privy to highly confidential information among the executive level offices and in other departments. Another responsibility of the executive administrator is the development and implementation of programs aimed at the furthering the corporate objectives. This might involve organizing a series of meetings with other members of the company’s management, stakeholders and other employees. He or she will also ensure that the information about any new developments in the company is disseminated to the employees and customers by announcing promotions, development of new products, or other forms of news. The process of informing people about new developments may also involve posting such information on the company Web site or sending of emails to the relevant customers or stakeholders. 2.1 Choose Operating System In my opinion, i will recommend her to installed Windows 7 operating system in her new personal computer because the Windows 7 operating system is most suitable with her job role. This Windows 7 operating system will help her minimize her workload and increase her work efficiency. In addition, Windows 7 also is a â€Å"user-centric† version of Windows focused on performance improvements to make it more secure, more reliable, and faster than previous versions of the Windows operating system. Windows 7 is an operating system for personal computers made by Microsoft. It is the fastest selling operating system in history and more than 5 million licenses have been sold. Therefore, it becomes available in retail branches around the world on October 22, 2009. Windows 7 is built on the Vista kernel. The biggest change many end users between Vista and Windows 7 is faster boot time, a new user interface and increased Internet Explorer 8. The operating system of Windows 7 is widely available in three retail editions that is Windows 7 Home Premium, Windows 7 Professional and Windows 7 Ultimate. Windows 7 followed Windows Vista and featured various changes from previous operating system. One of these is the Quick Launch toolbar, which completely changed the user how to find a variety of commands and menu options. In addition, Windows 7 also includes items like support for gaming additions, virtual hard disks, and other new features. As the requirements of the machine, Windows 7 just requires a 32-bit or 64-bit processor with at least 1 GHz in order to run, as well as 1 GB of RAM for a 32-bit system, and 2 GB for a 64-bit system. 2.2 Features The first features of windows 7 is its have aero shake, snap and peek function. Aero shake will use when the user have many open windows on desktop and this feature will minimize all windows except the one you shake. Aero snap is used to resize and expand windows more quickly and easily compare the contents of two different windows. Aero peek is used when the user have several minimized files open in one program. This features will help her minimize her workload and speed up her work efficiency. The second features of windows 7 is its have an action center function. The Windows 7 action center function is an early warning system of the computer. It allows the users to see what warning or problem Windows 7 shows. It is accessed through the little flag in the lower-right corner. If the little flag in the lower-right corner is white that mean the computer no anything problem. If it has a red X over it that mean some important things need user to attention. It is a great for heading off problems before they become bigger. This is a convenient way to control those annoying User Account Control (UAC) messages while not having to disable it. The third features of windows 7 is its have a jump lists function. The jump list function allows user to view recent documents in a program that is pinned to the taskbar. The jump list provide an easy way to open files, documents, pictures and video from the taskbar. The user just need to right click on program icon from the taskbar and select the file under pinned or recent to open. So, the user can quickly use a jump list to open items from the taskbar. In addition, some program or application software also have jump list function such as Windows Explorer and Internet Explorer. 2.3 Benefits The first benefit of used windows 7 is decreased computer boot time. The average windows 7 machine will boot will boot up in under 60 seconds. With the decreased computer boot time, the users will no longer have time to run across the street for a mocha while their system starts up. In contrast, the users can get down to work as soon as possible for them. So, this benefit will help the user to minimize her work time and increase her work efficiency. The second benefit of windows 7 is its compatibility. The flexibility of Windows 7 gives users the ability to run almost any software that is Windows compatible. Windows 7 will work with more accessories and programs than its predecessors, Windows Vista and Windows XP. Microsoft has designed this OS to automatically run any program that was designed for Vista, and it will also be able to run most XP applications in an XP compatibility window. The third benefit of windows 7 is its have a libraries function. The libraries function provides a new, more intuitive way of organizing and locating documents. Instead of wasting time trying to remember where a previously created document is stored, a user can now search for their documents by type in different â€Å"libraries† such as communications, contacts, documents, downloads, music, pictures and videos. Not only will a user see a shortcut for the document they need, they will also gain immediate access to specific data that is pertinent for each type of library. For example: when the â€Å"contacts† library is opened, it will show phone numbers and e-mail addresses and when the â€Å"downloads† library is opened, it will list the URL source for each download. The libraries are customizable, allowing users to create personalized folders that will keep project documents and files accessible. 2.4 Conclusion In conclusion, an operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and to provide public services for computer programs. The operating system is an important part of the system software in a computer system. Although it is possible to directly interface software applications and hardware, the vast majority of applications in an operating system, which allows them to take advantage of the public library, without having to worry about the specific hardware details written. Some operating systems were developed in the 1950s, where computers could only execute one program at a time. The operating systems are very importance to responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. Later in the decade, computers included many software programs, sometimes called libraries, which were linked together to create the beginning of todays operating systems. Today’s operating systems tend to have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use pointing devices for input. A mouse is an example of such a pointing device, as is a stylus. Commonly used the operating systems for IBM-compatible personal computers is include the Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. In addition, there really is no such thing as a perfect operating system. However, every operating system has its advantages and disadvantages. Choose the right operating system is very important. So, the user must carefully to choose the operating system. It will help the user to minimize the workload and increase the work efficiency.